Hungary
Europe Budapest
Population
9.86M
Area
93,028 km²
GDP
$222.91B
GDP Per Capita
$40,700
Pop. Density
106/km²
Quick Facts
Currency
FtHungarian forint(HUF)
Calling Code
+36
Timezone
UTC+01:00
Languages
Hungarian
Driving Side
right
Demonym
Hungarian
Background
Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.
Historical Trends
GDP (USD)
↑92.7% since 2006$116B (2006)$223B (2024)
Population
↓5.1% since 200610.1M (2006)9.6M (2024)
Life Expectancy at Birth
Latest: 76.8 years2006: 73.1 years2023: 76.8 years
Data source: World Bank Open Data
Geography19
Location
Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Geographic coordinates
47 00 N, 20 00 E
Map references
Europe
Area
total : 93,028 sq km
land: 89,608 sq km
water: 3,420 sq km
land: 89,608 sq km
water: 3,420 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana
Land boundaries
total: 2,106 km
border countries: Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km
border countries: Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Terrain
mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Elevation
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
mean elevation: 143 m
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
mean elevation: 143 m
Natural resources
bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Land use
agricultural land
55.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
forest
22.7% (2023 est.)
other
20.9% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
1,331 sq km (2022)
Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s): Lake Balaton - 590 sq km
Major rivers (by length in km)
Duna (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Geography - note
landlocked; strategic location on main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula, as well as between Ukraine and the Mediterranean basin; the Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions
People & Society33
Population
total: 9,855,745 (2024 est.)
male: 4,812,668
female: 5,043,077
male: 4,812,668
female: 5,043,077
Nationality
noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian
adjective: Hungarian
Ethnic groups
Hungarian 84.3%, Romani 2.1%, German 1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 13.7% (2022 est.)
Languages
Languages: Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)
major-language sample(s):
A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943)
15-64 years: 63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)
15-64 years: 63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 56.4 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 45.1 years (2025 est.)
male: 42.8 years
female: 46.7 years
male: 42.8 years
female: 46.7 years
Population growth rate
-0.29% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
9.03 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
14.41 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Urbanization
urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.4 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76 years (2024 est.)
male: 72.9 years
female: 79.3 years
male: 72.9 years
female: 79.3 years
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.78 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Hospital bed density
6.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
26.4% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 10.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 28.5% (2025 est.)
male: 33.7% (2025 est.)
female: 23.8% (2025 est.)
male: 33.7% (2025 est.)
female: 23.8% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
52.3% (2022 est.)
Education expenditure
Education expenditure (% GDP): 3.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 7.8% national budget (2022 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 7.8% national budget (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years (2023 est.)
male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
Government23
Country name
conventional long form
none
conventional short form
Hungary
local long form
none
local short form
Magyarorszag
former
Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic
etymology
the Byzantine Greeks referred to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the "Oungroi," a name that later became "Hungari," which originally meant an "[alliance of] ten tribes;" the Hungarian name Magyarorszag means "Country of the Magyars," which may be derived from the name of the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
name: Budapest
geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning "water;" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"
geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning "water;" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"
Administrative divisions
19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 25 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
capital city: Budapest
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
capital city: Budapest
Legal system
civil system influenced by the German model
Constitution
history: previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
Suffrage
18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal
Executive branch
chief of state
President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)
head of government
Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)
cabinet
Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president
election/appointment process
president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president
most recent election date
president: 26 February 2024
prime minister: 3 April 2022
prime minister: 3 April 2022
election results
2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5
2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51
expected date of next election
president: spring 2029
prime minister: April or May 2027
prime minister: April or May 2027
Legislative branch
legislature name
National Assembly (Országgyülés)
legislative structure
unicameral
chamber name
National Assembly (Orszaggyules)
number of seats
199 (all directly elected)
electoral system
mixed system
scope of elections
full renewal
term in office
4 years
most recent election date
4/3/2022
parties elected and seats per party
Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19)
percentage of women in chamber
15.6%
expected date of next election
April 2026
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts
judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts
Political parties
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP
Democratic Coalition or DK
Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd
Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz
Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP
Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik
LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP
Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM
Momentum Movement or Momentum
Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik
National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ
On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján
Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk
TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA
Democratic Coalition or DK
Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd
Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz
Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP
Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik
LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP
Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM
Momentum Movement or Momentum
Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik
National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ
On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján
Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk
TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission
Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAKÁCS (since 23 December 2020)
chancery
1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
Washington, D.C. 20005
telephone
[1] (202) 362-6730
FAX
[1] (202) 966-8135
email address and website
consulate(s) general
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
consulate(s)
Houston, Miami
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Caroline SAVAGE (since November 2025)
embassy
Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
mailing address
5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270
telephone
[36] (1) 475-4400
FAX
[36] (1) 475-4248
email address and website
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)
National holiday
Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083)
Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green
meaning: folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red can stand for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for pasturelands
history: the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of the French flag
meaning: folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red can stand for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for pasturelands
history: the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of the French flag
National symbol(s)
Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen)
National color(s)
red, white, green
National anthem(s)
title: "Himnusz" (Hymn)
lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
history: adopted 1844
lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
history: adopted 1844
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue (c); Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (c); Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (c); Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (c); Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (c); Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (c)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue (c); Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (c); Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (c); Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (c); Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (c); Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (c)
Economy31
Economic overview
high-income EU and OECD economy; modest recovery from 2024 recession driven by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include high fiscal deficits, frozen access to EU funds, and risks from export reliance; implementing tax exemptions, price controls, and mortgage interest caps ahead of 2026 elections
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $389.207 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $387.223 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $390.513 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $387.223 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $390.513 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate
Real GDP growth rate 2024: 0.5% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: -0.8% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 4.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: -0.8% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 4.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $40,700 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $40,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $40,700 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $40,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $40,700 (2022 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$222.905 billion (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024: 3.7% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 17.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 14.6% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023: 17.1% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 14.6% (2022 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 2.4% (2024 est.)
industry: 23.9% (2024 est.)
services: 59.7% (2024 est.)
industry: 23.9% (2024 est.)
services: 59.7% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption
49.1% (2023 est.)
government consumption
19.9% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital
25.6% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories
0.3% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services
80.8% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services
-76.3% (2023 est.)
Agricultural products
maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023)
Industries
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
Industrial production growth rate
-2.5% (2024 est.)
Labor force
4.954 million (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate 2024: 4.5% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 3.7% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2022: 3.7% (2022 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 14.1% (2024 est.)
male: 14.8% (2024 est.)
female: 13.1% (2024 est.)
male: 14.8% (2024 est.)
female: 13.1% (2024 est.)
Population below poverty line
12.1% (2021 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 30.2 (2022 est.)
Average household expenditures
on food: 16.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 24.4% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 24.4% (2022 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2023: 2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
revenues: $69.793 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $80.429 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $80.429 billion (2022 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2022: 75.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
23.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $5.074 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $751.071 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$14.699 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $751.071 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$14.699 billion (2022 est.)
Exports
Exports 2024: $166.503 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $173.034 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $158.98 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023: $173.034 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $158.98 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - partners
Germany 25%, Italy 6%, Romania 6%, USA 5%, Slovakia 4% (2023)
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)
Imports
Imports 2024: $154.077 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $163.192 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $167.262 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023: $163.192 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $167.262 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - partners
Germany 23%, China 7%, Austria 6%, Poland 6%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
Imports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $46.422 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $45.719 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $41.219 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $45.719 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $41.219 billion (2022 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency
forints (HUF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024
365.691 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023
353.088 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022
372.596 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021
303.141 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020
307.997 (2020 est.)
Energy8
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 14.829 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)
consumption: 42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels
28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear
44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar
19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind
1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity
0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste
4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 4 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.92GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 48.8% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.92GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 48.8% (2023 est.)
Coal
production: 4.293 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 36,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 1.612 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
consumption: 8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications6
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 2.693 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 10.2 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media
mixed system of state-supported media and private broadcasters; the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; large number of special-interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing the services; 4 state-supported radio networks; large number of local stations, including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition completed in 2013 (2019)
Internet country code
.hu
Internet users
percent of population: 92% (2024 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 3.56 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)
Transportation5
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HA
Airports
109 (2025)
Heliports
15 (2025)
Railways
total: 7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified
Merchant marine
total: 1 (2023)
by type: other 1
by type: other 1
Military & Security7
Military and security forces
Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honvédség): the HDF is organized as a joint force under a general staff with commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support forces (2025)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2.1% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 30,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the HDF has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, NATO-compatible arms from such countries as Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Türkiye, and the US; in 2017, Budapest launched a modernization program aimed at replacing its Soviet-era weaponry with modern systems; Hungary has also placed emphasis on building up its defense industrial capacity (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005) (2026)
Military deployments
250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 200 Chad; 470 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025)
Military - note
the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are responsible for ensuring the defense of the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens, and fulfilling Hungary’s commitments to the EU and NATO, as well as contributing to other international peacekeeping efforts under the UN; key areas of concern for the HDF the HDF is also responsible for some aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and assisting law enforcement forces in border security
Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)
Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)
Transnational Issues1
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 72,359 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 101 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 101 (2024 est.)