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Bermuda

North America Hamilton

Population

72.8K

Area

54 km²

GDP

$8.98B

GDP Per Capita

$105,300

Pop. Density

1,348/km²

Quick Facts

Currency

$Bermudian dollar(BMD)

Calling Code

+1441

Timezone

UTC-04:00

Languages

English

Driving Side

left

Demonym

Bermudian

Map of Bermuda

Background

Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.

Historical Trends

GDP (USD)

↑50.3% since 2006
$6B (2006)$9B (2024)

Population

↑2.9% since 2006
62,834 (2006)64,636 (2024)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Latest: 82.3 years
2006: 78.9 years2023: 82.3 years

Data source: World Bank Open Data

Geography17

Location

North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)

Geographic coordinates

32 20 N, 64 45 W

Map references

North America

Area

total : 54 sq km
land: 54 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries

total: 0 km

Coastline

103 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Climate

subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

Terrain

low hills separated by fertile depressions

Elevation

highest point: Town Hill 79 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Natural resources

limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

Land use

agricultural land

5.6% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

forest

14.4% (2023 est.)

other

80% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land

NA

Population distribution

relatively even population distribution throughout

Natural hazards

hurricanes (June to November)

Geography - note

the archipelago consists of over 170 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, as well as thousands of cays, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995

People & Society25

Population

total: 72,800 (2024 est.)
male: 35,401
female: 37,399

Nationality

noun: Bermudian(s)
adjective: Bermudian

Ethnic groups

African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)

Languages

English (official), Portuguese

Religions

Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817)
15-64 years: 60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113)
65 years and over: 22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 64.1 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 26.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 37.2 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 2.7 (2024 est.)

Median age

total: 43.9 years (2025 est.)
male: 41.5 years
female: 46.3 years

Population growth rate

0.27% (2025 est.)

Birth rate

10.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Net migration rate

1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Population distribution

relatively even population distribution throughout

Urbanization

urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.)
male: 79.4 years
female: 85.7 years

Total fertility rate

1.88 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.92 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

49.7% (2016 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP): 1.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget): 7.8% national budget (2017 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 12 years (2023 est.)
male: 11 years (2023 est.)
female: 12 years (2023 est.)

Government26

Country name

conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bermuda
former: Somers Islands
etymology: named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th-century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago

Government type

Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy

Dependency status

overseas territory of the UK

Capital

name: Hamilton
geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794

Administrative divisions

9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick

Legal system

English common law

Constitution

history: several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)
amendment process: proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025)
head of government: Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier

Legislative branch

legislature name: Parliament
legislative structure: bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name

House of Assembly

number of seats

36 (directly elected)

electoral system

plurality/majority

scope of elections

full renewal

term in office

5 years

most recent election date

10/1/2020

parties elected and seats per party

PLP (30); OBA (6)

percentage of women in chamber

20%

expected date of next election

2025

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name

Senate

number of seats

11 (appointed)

term in office

5 years

most recent election date

2022

percentage of women in chamber

63.6%

expected date of next election

2027

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal
judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment
subordinate courts: commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts

Political parties

Free Democratic Movement or FDM
One Bermuda Alliance or OBA
Progressive Labor Party or PLP

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (overseas territory of the UK)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Consul General Antoinette HURTADO (since 27 March 2025)

embassy

US Consulate Bermuda, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda

mailing address

5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300

telephone

(441) 295-1342

FAX

(441) 295-1592

email address and website


[email protected]

https://bm.usconsulate.gov/

consulate(s) general

16 Middle Road, Devonshire DV O3

International organization participation

Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO

Independence

none (overseas territory of the UK)

National holiday

Bermuda Day, 24 May

Flag

description: a red field with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms centered on the right half of the flag; the coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scroll showing the sinking of the ship "Sea Venture" 

history: the 1609 shipwreck of the "Sea Venture" led to the settling of Bermuda

National symbol(s)

red lion

National coat of arms

Bermuda's coat of arms was formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910 but has been in use since at least 1624; the red lion is a symbol of Great Britain; the Latin motto under the coat of arms, Quo Fata Ferunt, means "Whither the Fates Carry [Us];" the ship is the Sea Venture, an English ship that was wrecked on then-uninhabited Bermuda in 1609

National anthem(s)

title: "God Save the King"
lyrics/music: unknown
history: official anthem, as a UK territory

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry
selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Town of St. George and Related Fortifications

Economy21

Economic overview

small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $6.808 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $6.667 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $6.355 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2024: 2.1% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023: 4.9% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2022: 6.5% (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2024: $105,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $103,100 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $98,100 (2022 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$8.98 billion (2024 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 2.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 1.4% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: 0% (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0.2% (2023 est.)
industry: 4.6% (2023 est.)
services: 91.5% (2023 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption

45.6% (2024 est.)

government consumption

11% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

11.3% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

0% (2024 est.)

exports of goods and services

56.3% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-24.2% (2024 est.)

Agricultural products

bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey

Industries

international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Industrial production growth rate

-3.6% (2023 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2023: 23.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 22.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 22.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Budget

revenues: $999.2 million (2017 est.)
expenditures: $1.176 billion (2017 est.)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2023: $1.32 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $1.135 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: $962.258 million (2021 est.)

Exports

Exports 2023: $1.599 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $1.425 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $1.136 billion (2021 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 40%, South Africa 38%, Netherlands 15%, USA 2%, Angola 2% (2023)

Exports - commodities

crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023)

Imports

Imports 2023: $2.3 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $2.235 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $1.925 billion (2021 est.)

Imports - partners

USA 38%, Cyprus 31%, UK 6%, China 6%, Canada 4% (2023)

Imports - commodities

ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023)

Exchange rates

Currency

Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2024

1 (2024 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

1 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

1 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

1 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2020

1 (2020 est.)

Energy6

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 172,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 590.38 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 43.172 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal

consumption: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Communications6

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 25,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 68,164 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 97 (2024 est.)

Broadcast media

3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating

Internet country code

.bm

Internet users

percent of population: 98% (2017 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 23,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

Transportation4

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

VP-B

Airports

1 (2025)

Merchant marine

total: 122 (2023)
by type: container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99

Ports

total ports

4 (2024)

large

0

medium

1

small

2

very small

0

size unknown

1

ports with oil terminals

3

key ports

Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George

Military & Security5

Military and security forces

Royal Bermuda Regiment; Bermuda Police Service (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

the Royal Bermuda Regiment has about 350 troops (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the Regiment is equipped with small arms (2025)

Military service age and obligation

men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; after completing their initial service, soldiers in the Regiment can choose to extend their service (2025)

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment’s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda’s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2025)

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